subsequently(雅思听力技巧之如何定位关键信号词)
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2023-11-23
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1. subsequently,雅思听力技巧之如何定位关键信号词?
为了帮助大家更加高效备考雅思听力,今天雅思小伦哥给大家整理一些有关雅思听力的定位原则,希望对大家的备考有所帮助。
1. “同位一体”定位词
在雅思听力中,在听到以下这类词语时,就意味着后面的内容会来表示同种意思的增补或添加,或者列举一些信息。不会出现新的观点
also / both /as well …/as well as/ besides/ furthermore/ in addition moreover/ one more thing
what's more /for example/ for instance/ like /likewise /such
2. “转折后重“定位词
此类定位词大家就要注意听到时意味着答案就会出现了,前面的基本废话比较多。
but/ however/ instead/ nevertheless/ whereas/ yet/ while/ by contrast/ in contrast/ as a matter of fact/ on the contrary
on the other hand/ although/ though/ despite/ in spite of
3. “先来后到”定位词
通常出现的有以下这些:
first/ first of all/ firstly/ in the first place/ for a start/ to begin with next/ then/ second/ meanwhile/ subsequently third
last but not least/ finally after/ afterward/ before/ previously
4. “解释强调”定位词
这类定位词后面通常会隐藏着答案。
actually/ especially/ namely/ I mean that is/ in particular/ in other words/ that is to say/ most importantly
5. “归纳总结”定位词
此类定位词通常是对于前面内容部分的总结,是重中之重
accordingly/ consequently/ finally/ overall/ therefore/ thus/ in brief/ in conclusion/ to conclude/ in sum/ in short/ as a result/ in a word/ on the whole/ to sum up
以上就是小伦哥为大家整理的“相关雅思定位词”
2. 我的女王陛下英文名?
Your Majesty 或者 her Majesty。
英语称呼我的女王陛下,不用my Majesty。而是用Your Majesty 或者 her Majesty。例句:
"一个睿智的决定,我的女王陛下"。翻译成:
A wise decision, Your Majesty.
"女王陛下随后参观了学院并会见了更多学生"。 翻译成:
Her Majesty subsequently toured the College and met more students.
3. 如何评价国科大教授吴岳良院士创建的超统一场论?
我从摘要与简介看见冰山一角,好理论,维度到了最大D=26,26一4=22,26-5=21.则由维度比可粗算爱因斯坦能-量分配于出暗物质比倒94%,如吴院士走这分形逻辑算法,那就牛逼了,因这是目前最简单算法。统一场景上帝的原创,故物思大而简,所谓分形发生器。那照杨振宁的评价值观,简单的得诺贝尔奖的机会高。但从看得见的内容却看不出分形在他的框架中的分量,等看全文后再评,吴岳良院士思维周全,潘建纬院士敏捷直点到位,是国科大一对互补匹配
based on the postulates of gauge invariance and coordinate independence along with the conformal scaling symmetry. All elementary particles are merged into a single hyper-spinor field and all basic forces are unified into a fundamental interaction governed by the hyper-spin gauge symmetry SP(1, Dh−1Dh−1 ). The dimension DhDh of hyper-spacetime is conjectured to have a physical origin in correlation with the hyper-spin charge of elementary particles. The hyper-gravifield fiber bundle structure of biframe hyper-spacetime appears naturally with the globally flat Minkowski hyper-spacetime as a base spacetime and the locally flat hyper-gravifield spacetime as a fiber that is viewed as a dynamically emerged hyper-spacetime characterized by a non-commutative geometry. The gravitational origin of gauge symmetry is revealed with the hyper-gravifield that plays an essential role as a Goldstone-like field. The gauge–gravity and gravity–geometry correspondences bring about the gravitational gauge–geometry duality. The basic properties of hyperunified field theory and the issue on the fundamental scale are analyzed within the framework of quantum field theory, which allows us to describe the laws of nature in deriving the gauge gravitational equation with the conserved current and the geometric gravitational equations of Einstein-like type and beyond.
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1 Introduction
2 Unification of elementary particles and maximal symmetry in hyper-spacetime
3 Unification of basic forces with hyper-spin gauge symmetry and dynamics of the hyper-spinor field
4 Fiber bundle structure of hyper-spacetime and hyperunified field theory in hyper-gravifield spacetime
5 Hyperunified field theory within the framework of QFT and dynamics of basic fields with conserved currents
6 Conservation laws and dynamics of hyper-gravifield in hyperunified field theory
7 Gravitational origin of gauge symmetry and hyperunified field theory in hidden gauge formalism with emergent general linear group symmetry GL(Dh,R)GL(Dh,R)
8 Hyperunified field theory with general conformal scaling gauge invariance and Einstein–Hilbert-type action with essential gauge massless condition and gravity–geometry correspondence
9 Hyperunified field theory in hidden coordinate formalism and gauge–gravity correspondence
10 Gravitational gauge–geometry duality and hyperunified field theory with non-commutative geometry in locally flat hyper-gravifield spacetime
11 Basic properties of hyperunified field theory and gravitational equations of Einstein-like and beyond with fundamental mass scale
12 Conclusions and remarks
Footnotes
Notes
References
Copyright information
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\electromagnetic field formulated in 1864 by Maxwell, who combined electricity and magnetism into a unifying theory of electromagnetism, which is considered as the first successful classical unified field theory. The constancy of the speed of light in Maxwell’s theory led Einstein to unify the space and time into a four-dimensional spacetime characterized by the global Lorentz symmetry SO(1,3), which has laid the foundation for the special theory of relativity (SR) [2]. Such a globally flat four-dimensional Minkowski spacetime holding for SR was extended by Einstein to a curved spacetime characterized by the general linear group symmetry GL(4, R), which has laid the foundation for GR [3]. Namely, the gravitational force is characterized by a dynamic Riemannian geometry of curved spacetime. Since then, an attempt to unify the gravity and electromagnetism was pursued by many theoreticians. Some interesting progress includes the work proposed by Kaluza who extended GR to five-dimensional spacetime [4], and also by Klein who proposed the fifth dimension to be curled up into an unobservable small circle [5]. In such a Kaluza–Klein theory, the gravitational curvature tensor corresponding to an extra spatial direction behaves as an additional force analogous to electromagnetism. Another interesting idea was proposed by Weyl, who introduced the concept of gauge field as the electromagnetic field via a local scaling transformation [6]. Einstein extensively set on a quest for potential unified models of the electromagnetism and gravity as a classical unified field theory; he devoted nearly all his efforts to the search for a unified field theory and spent the last two decades of his life doing so.
On the other hand, the Dirac spinor theory [7] has provided a successful unity between quantum mechanics and special relativity, which has led to the developments of relativistic quantum mechanics and quantum field theory (QFT). The framework of QFT was firstly built up in the 1940s by formulating the classical electromagnetism into the quantum electrodynamics (QED) [9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]. QED is characterized by an Abelian gauge symmetry U(1). In 1954, Yang and Mills extended the U(1) gauge symmetry to a non-Abelian gauge symmetry for characterizing the isotopic spin symmetry SU(2) [8]. The electroweak theory with the gauge symmetry group U(1) ×× SU(2) was developed in the 1960s [17, 18, 19], which has been a great success in unifying the electromagnetic and weak interactions. Such a theory was proven to be consistent in the sense of renormalizability [20] under the Higgs mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking [21, 22]. QFT has provided a successful unified description not only for the electroweak interactions, but also for the strong interaction characterized by the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) [23, 24] with the gauge symmetry group SU(3). The quantum gauge field theory governed by the symmetry group U(1) ×× SU(2) ×× SU(3) with spontaneous symmetry breaking is referred to as the standard model (SM) in elementary particle physics. In SM, the leptons and quarks [25, 26] are regarded as the basic building blocks of nature, and three families of quarks were required to obtain a nontrivial CP-violating phase [27]. To realize the spontaneous breaking of the CP symmetry [28, 29], it is necessary to go beyond the SM. For instance, the general two-Higgs doublet model as one of the simplest extensions to the SM can lead to the spontaneous breaking of CP symmetry with rich induced CP-violating sources [30].
The discovery of asymptotic freedom in QCD [23, 24] has indicated a potential unification between the strong interaction and the electroweak interactions. As all the interactions are governed by the Abelian and non-Abelian Yang–Mills gauge symmetries, it is natural to search for unified field theories with enlarged gauge symmetries. The unity of the quark and lepton species was firstly initiated in the 1970s [31]. Some minimal grand unified theories (GUTs) for the electroweak and strong interactions were proposed based on the gauge symmetry groups SU(5) [32] and SO(10) [33, 34]. The key prediction of GUTs was the instability of the proton. The current experiments have not yet observed any evidence for the proton decay, only a lower bound of the order 10351035 years for its lifetime has been reached. The enlarged gauge model SO(1,13) [35] was proposed to unify the SO(1,3) spin gauge symmetry and the SO(10) internal gauge symmetry. The SO(1,13) and SO(3,11) gauge symmetries were considered as gravity GUT models in four-dimensional spacetime [36, 37, 38].
On the other hand, the dynamical symmetry breaking mechanism of QCD at low energies [39] reflects the color confinement of the gluons and quarks. The light scalar and pseudoscalar mesons as the bound states of the confined quarks and antiquarks were shown to behave as composite Higgs bosons [40]. Such a color confining feature forms stringlike degrees of freedom, i.e., the so-called QCD strings. Inspired by the QCD strings, a string object was motivated to be taken as a basic building block of nature as opposed to a point-like elementary particle. A consistent string theory was found to be realized either in 26-dimensional spacetime for a bosonic string [41] or in ten-dimensional spacetime for a superstring [42, 43]. Some interesting string models that are promising to realize the SM at low energies include the perturbative heterotic string models [46] and the mysterious M-theory [47]. It was shown that the six small extra dimensions in superstring theory need to be compactified [48] on the Calabi–Yau manifold [49, 50] in order to obtain the N=1N=1 supersymmetry. Subsequently, string perturbation theory was found to be divergent [51]. The theory was also demonstrated to require the inclusion of higher-dimensional objects called D-branes, which were identified with the black-hole solutions of supergravity [52]. Practically, a full holographic description of M-theory by using IIA D0 branes was formulated as a matrix theory [53]. Furthermore, the anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory (AdS/CFT) correspondence was proposed to formulate string theory and study some interesting properties [54, 55, 56], which provides a new insight into the mathematical structures of string theory. Nevertheless, the basic vacuum solution of string theory remains unknown as there are 1050010500 possible solutions fitting the constraints of the theory [57, 58]. Therefore, it is necessary to explore further how string theory can truly be realized as a theory of everything.
Alternatively, some gravity gauge theories were proposed to address the issue of the long-term outstanding problem about the incompatibility between GR and SM. This is because SM has successfully been described by the gauge symmetries within the framework of QFT, which motivated one to try a gauge theory description for the gravitational interaction. Numerous efforts have been made to construct gravity gauge theories, which may be found in some pioneering work [59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64] and review articles [65, 66, 67] and in the references therein. Nevertheless, most of the gravity gauge theories were built relying on the Riemannian or non-Riemannian geometry in a curved spacetime. Some basic issues concerning the definitions of space and time as well as the quantization of gravity gauge theories remain open questions. Recently, a quantum field theory of gravity [68] was built based on the spin and scaling gauge invariances by treating the gravitational interaction on the same footing as the electroweak and strong interactions, which enables us to provide a unified description for the four basic forces within the framework of QFT. The postulates of gauge invariance and coordinate independence have been shown to be more general and fundamental than the postulate of general covariance under the general linear group GL(4,R) transformations of coordinates, so that all the basic forces are governed by gauge symmetries. The concept of biframe spacetime was found to play an essential role in such a gravitational quantum field theory. Instead of the metric field in GR, a bicovariant vector field defined in biframe spacetime is necessarily introduced as a basic gravifield to characterize the gravitational interaction. Geometrically, one frame spacetime is a globally flat coordinate Minkowski spacetime that acts as an inertial reference frame for describing the motion of the basic fields, which enables us to derive the well-defined conservation laws and to make a physically meaningful definition for space and time in such a way that the differences of the spatial coordinates or time coordinate can be directly measured by the standard ways proposed in SR. The other frame spacetime is a locally flat non-coordinate gravifield spacetime that functions as an intrinsic interaction frame for characterizing the dynamics of basic fields, which is characterized by a non-commutative geometry and viewed as a dynamically emerging spacetime.
Inspired by the relativistic Dirac spinor theory and the grand unified theories as well as the Einstein general theory of relativity, we are motivated to assume the hypotheses that all the spin-like charges of elementary particles should be treated on the same footing as a hyper-spin charge and the hyper-spinor structures of elementary particles are correlated with the geometric properties of hyper-spacetime. To build a reliable unified field theory within the framework of gravitational quantum field theory [68], we shall work with the postulates that the basic theory should obey the principles of gauge invariance and coordinate independence. With such hypotheses and postulates, we have presented in Ref. [69] a brief description for a unified field theory of all basic forces and elementary particles in hyper-spacetime.
In this paper, we are going to carry out a general analysis and a detailed construction for such a hyperunified field theory. The paper is organized as follows: after Sect. 1 in which a brief outline of various attempts in exploring unified theories is presented, we then show in Sect. 2 how all the quarks and leptons as the point-like elementary particles in SM can be merged into a column vector in the spinor representation of hyper-spacetime with a Majorana-type hyper-spinor structure. In Sect. 3, we demonstrate how all the known basic forces in nature can be unified into a fundamental interaction governed by a hyper-spin gauge symmetry SP(1, Dh−1Dh−1) with a minimal dimension Dh=19Dh=19. An equation of motion for the unified hyper-spinor field results characterizing a general gravitational relativistic quantum theory with a conformal scaling symmetry in hyper-spacetime. In Sect. 4, we construct in detail a general action of hyperunified field theory in a locally flat hyper-gravifield spacetime based on the postulates of gauge invariance and coordinate independence. By projecting into a globally flat coordinate hyper-spacetime via a bicovariant vector hyper-gravifield, we obtain in Sect. 5 the general action of hyperunified field theory within the framework of QFT. A set of equations of motion with the conserved currents are obtained describing the dynamics of all the basic fields. In Sect. 6, we derive various conservation laws in hyperunified field theory and the master equation for the dynamics of hyper-gravifield with the conserved hyper-stress energy-momentum tensor. In Sect. 7, we demonstrate the gravitational origin of the gauge symmetry and present the general action of hyperunified field theory in a hidden gauge formalism. An emergent general linear group symmetry GL( DhDh, R) is shown to characterize a Riemannian geometry of hyper-spacetime. A basic action of hyperunified field theory with a general conformal scaling gauge invariance results in Sect. 8, which enables us to demonstrate the gravity–geometry correspondence and obtain an Einstein–Hilbert-type action for the gravitational interaction in hyper-spacetime, keeping the global and local conformal scaling symmetries. In Sect. 9, we represent the basic action of hyperunifield field theory in the locally flat hyper-gravifield spacetime, which allows us to show the gauge–gravity correspondence based on the gravitational origin of gauge symmetry. In such a hidden coordinate system, we further demonstrate in Sect. 10 that the basic action of hyperunified field theory is generally characterized by a non-commutative geometry of hyper-gravifield spacetime. The gravitational gauge–geometry duality is corroborated based on various equivalent formalisms of hyperunified field theory. A complete equivalence requires one to set the gauge fixing condition in a flowing unitary gauge. In Sect. 11, we present a general analysis on the basic properties of hyperunified field theory within the framework of QFT and address the issue on the fundamental mass scale relying on the conformal scaling gauge symmetry, which enables us to derive the gauge gravitational equation of the hyper-gravifield with the conserved bicovariant vector current and deduce the geometric gravitational equations of Einstein-like type and beyond, corresponding to the symmetric and antisymmetric hyper-stress energy-momentum tensor in hyper-spacetime. Our conclusions and remarks are given in the final section.
4. 净零工业法案原文?
对于净零工业法案,不同国家和地区的相关法规可能会有所不同。以下是美国净零工业法案的原文(仅供参考):
HR 1512
117th CONGRESS
1st Session
H. R. 1512
To establish a Net Zero Program, to support the development of next generation technologies to improve energy efficiency, reduce waste, and reduce emissions, to create a clean energy workforce, to protect and promote the resilience of the United States economy and communities, and for other purposes.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
March 2, 2021
Ms. CASTOR of Florida (for herself, Ms. DINGELL, and Ms. BARRAGAN) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned
A BILL
To establish a Net Zero Program, to support the development of next generation technologies to improve energy efficiency, reduce waste, and reduce emissions, to create a clean energy workforce, to protect and promote the resilience of the United States economy and communities, and for other purposes.
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the `Net Zero Act of 2021'.
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.
In this Act:
(1) APPROPRIATE COMMITTEES OF CONGRESS- The term `appropriate committees of Congress' means--
(A) the Committee on Energy and Commerce and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives; and
(B) the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate.
(2) DIRECTOR- The term `Director' means the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy.
(3) NET ZERO TARGET- The term `Net Zero Target' means a goal to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, or an earlier date as determined by the Director, for--
(A) the United States economy as a whole;
(B) the electric power sector;
(C) the transportation sector;
(D) the industrial sector;
(E) the commercial and residential sectors; and
(F) any other sector as determined by the Director.
(4) PROGRAM- The term `Program' means the Net Zero Program established under section 3.
SEC. 3. NET ZERO PROGRAM.
(a) Establishment- The Director, in consultation with the appropriate committees of Congress, shall establish a comprehensive research, development, demonstration, and deployment program (in this section referred to as the `Program') to achieve the Net Zero Target, which shall include--
(1) research and development of advanced technologies that improve energy efficiency, reduce waste, and reduce emissions, including through--
(A) the development of low-emissions and zero-emissions technologies, including technologies that utilize clean energy resources, such as renewable energy and nuclear energy;
(B) the development of advanced materials, including materials for energy storage, building construction, and transportation;
(C) the development of advanced manufacturing processes that reduce waste and emissions, including processes that utilize circular economy principles; and
(D) the development of advanced technologies for the capture, utilization, and storage of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases;
(2) demonstration and deployment of advanced technologies developed under paragraph (1), including through--
(A) the deployment of advanced energy technologies, including renewable energy, nuclear energy, and energy storage, in homes, businesses, and transportation systems;
(B) the deployment of advanced manufacturing processes that reduce waste and emissions,
5. superman书的英语介绍50字?
超人(Superman)是DC漫画公司旗下的超级英雄,首次出现在《动作漫画》(Action Comics)创刊号(1938年6月),由杰瑞·西格尔(Jerry Siegel)和乔·舒斯特(Joe Shuste)联合创造。
超人出生于氪星(Krypton),本名卡尔-艾尔(Kal-El)。在氪星面临毁灭之际,他的父母为其找到了浩瀚宇宙中的地球,用飞船送走了尚在襁褓中的爱子。飞船坠落在美国堪萨斯州的洛伊小镇,卡尔被农场主肯特夫妇拾获,并以克拉克·肯特(Clark Kent)的地球名字抚养成人。 长大后,克拉克来到大都市寻找生父,却意外发现大都市里有着邪恶势力威胁着百姓。克拉克在白天是公司里的普通员工——吉米·奥尔森(Jimmy Olsen),而当太阳西落时,他穿上超人的服装,在大都会的黑暗和罪恶里与邪恶势力进行着殊死的斗争。
超人是一名拥有强大力量的外星人,他拥有超乎寻常的速度、力量和耐力。他穿着蓝色的披风和红色的内裤,这是他在大都会里最醒目的标志。超人的主要敌人是佐德将军(General Zod)、脑魔(Praxus)和米尔顿·费恩(Morton Fine)。
超人是一个虚构的英雄人物,但他代表了勇气、正义和善良的力量。他的故事鼓励人们在面对困难时永不放弃,坚持自己的信念,并用力量来保护需要帮助的人。
6. 傲娇与偏见读后感英文?
I’m forced to read this novel at the beginning, but I can’t wait to finish it subsequently。
"It is a truth universally acknowledges that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife。" This is just as Leo Tolstoy’s famous starting in 《Anna Karenina》: "All happy families resemble one another, each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way"。 To begin with such a design, Jane Austen has her deep meaning。 Marriage and money are inseparable。 The undertone is very clear: the foundation of the marriage at that time is not emotion but possession。 The author does not deny this。 So she uses typical Bennets to prove this truth。
The story takes place in the class-conscious England of the late 18th century。 The five Bennet sisters--including strong-willed Elizabeth and young Lydia--have all been raised by their mother with one purpose in life: finding a wealthy husband。 So when a wealthy bachelor shows up in their lives, the whole family is turned upside-down。 But when Elizabeth meets up with the handsome but snobbish Mr。 Darcy, the battle of the sexes is joined。
As we all know, Austen, in this novel, through the five Bennet daughters’ attitude towards love and marriage, shows the relationship between mental feelings, such as love, and material possessions , which also reflects the author''s attitude: Marry for the sake of property, money or status is wrong; marry but do not take into account the above factors is foolish。 As a result, she not only opposed to marry for the purpose of money, but also opposed to treat marriage as child''s play。 She stressed the importance of an ideal marriage。 But in modern society, although the marriages of economic needs have decreased rapidly, the concept of “money determines everything” is still rooted in some people’s mind。
Then let’s e to talk about the meaningful topic of this love story: 《Pride And Prejudice》
Pride and prejudice are our mon problems and weaknesses。 In fact, everyone is very easy to be driven by his own subjective impression and thus easy to make incorrect ments on others, and then led to misunderstand between people。 One’s first impression can affect a lot of things for sure, but it doesn’t mean it couldn’t be changed。 The deeper you get to understand someone, the more objective points you will have on him or her。 The changing of Elizabeth’s point of view towards Darcy just proved this perfectly: no pride, no prejudice, and these two married just because they love each other, just because they need each other instead of need each other’s possessions。 Austen is smart, because Elizabeth got beauty and intelligence while Darcy is handsome and rich。 I even wonder if such a perfect marriage could take place in modern society
7. notaryoffice是什么意思?
notary office英 [ˈnəʊtəri: ˈɔfis] 美 [ˈnotəri ˈɔfɪs]公证处某公证处;公证处;公证机关公证;公证员执行职务双语例句1. Subsequently, Chen Fuyuan be taken to the Chaoyang District, Beijing Notary Office of the notary. 随后, 陈付媛将其带到北京朝阳区公证处进行了公证.2. You'd better go to the notary office and ask for a property notarization. 你最好去公证处做个财产公证.3. Took this to prove to the notary office to require notarized Notary Office to you. 拿着这个证明去公证处,要求公证处给你公证.4. The notary office shall refuse to give a testimonial to false or illegal statements and documents.公证处对不真实、不合法的事实与文书应拒绝公证.5. The notary office shall be under the leadership of the judicial administrative authorities. 公证处受司法行政机关领导.
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1. subsequently,雅思听力技巧之如何定位关键信号词?
为了帮助大家更加高效备考雅思听力,今天雅思小伦哥给大家整理一些有关雅思听力的定位原则,希望对大家的备考有所帮助。
1. “同位一体”定位词
在雅思听力中,在听到以下这类词语时,就意味着后面的内容会来表示同种意思的增补或添加,或者列举一些信息。不会出现新的观点
also / both /as well …/as well as/ besides/ furthermore/ in addition moreover/ one more thing
what's more /for example/ for instance/ like /likewise /such
2. “转折后重“定位词
此类定位词大家就要注意听到时意味着答案就会出现了,前面的基本废话比较多。
but/ however/ instead/ nevertheless/ whereas/ yet/ while/ by contrast/ in contrast/ as a matter of fact/ on the contrary
on the other hand/ although/ though/ despite/ in spite of
3. “先来后到”定位词
通常出现的有以下这些:
first/ first of all/ firstly/ in the first place/ for a start/ to begin with next/ then/ second/ meanwhile/ subsequently third
last but not least/ finally after/ afterward/ before/ previously
4. “解释强调”定位词
这类定位词后面通常会隐藏着答案。
actually/ especially/ namely/ I mean that is/ in particular/ in other words/ that is to say/ most importantly
5. “归纳总结”定位词
此类定位词通常是对于前面内容部分的总结,是重中之重
accordingly/ consequently/ finally/ overall/ therefore/ thus/ in brief/ in conclusion/ to conclude/ in sum/ in short/ as a result/ in a word/ on the whole/ to sum up
以上就是小伦哥为大家整理的“相关雅思定位词”
2. 我的女王陛下英文名?
Your Majesty 或者 her Majesty。
英语称呼我的女王陛下,不用my Majesty。而是用Your Majesty 或者 her Majesty。例句:
"一个睿智的决定,我的女王陛下"。翻译成:
A wise decision, Your Majesty.
"女王陛下随后参观了学院并会见了更多学生"。 翻译成:
Her Majesty subsequently toured the College and met more students.
3. 如何评价国科大教授吴岳良院士创建的超统一场论?
我从摘要与简介看见冰山一角,好理论,维度到了最大D=26,26一4=22,26-5=21.则由维度比可粗算爱因斯坦能-量分配于出暗物质比倒94%,如吴院士走这分形逻辑算法,那就牛逼了,因这是目前最简单算法。统一场景上帝的原创,故物思大而简,所谓分形发生器。那照杨振宁的评价值观,简单的得诺贝尔奖的机会高。但从看得见的内容却看不出分形在他的框架中的分量,等看全文后再评,吴岳良院士思维周全,潘建纬院士敏捷直点到位,是国科大一对互补匹配
based on the postulates of gauge invariance and coordinate independence along with the conformal scaling symmetry. All elementary particles are merged into a single hyper-spinor field and all basic forces are unified into a fundamental interaction governed by the hyper-spin gauge symmetry SP(1, Dh−1Dh−1 ). The dimension DhDh of hyper-spacetime is conjectured to have a physical origin in correlation with the hyper-spin charge of elementary particles. The hyper-gravifield fiber bundle structure of biframe hyper-spacetime appears naturally with the globally flat Minkowski hyper-spacetime as a base spacetime and the locally flat hyper-gravifield spacetime as a fiber that is viewed as a dynamically emerged hyper-spacetime characterized by a non-commutative geometry. The gravitational origin of gauge symmetry is revealed with the hyper-gravifield that plays an essential role as a Goldstone-like field. The gauge–gravity and gravity–geometry correspondences bring about the gravitational gauge–geometry duality. The basic properties of hyperunified field theory and the issue on the fundamental scale are analyzed within the framework of quantum field theory, which allows us to describe the laws of nature in deriving the gauge gravitational equation with the conserved current and the geometric gravitational equations of Einstein-like type and beyond.
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1 Introduction
2 Unification of elementary particles and maximal symmetry in hyper-spacetime
3 Unification of basic forces with hyper-spin gauge symmetry and dynamics of the hyper-spinor field
4 Fiber bundle structure of hyper-spacetime and hyperunified field theory in hyper-gravifield spacetime
5 Hyperunified field theory within the framework of QFT and dynamics of basic fields with conserved currents
6 Conservation laws and dynamics of hyper-gravifield in hyperunified field theory
7 Gravitational origin of gauge symmetry and hyperunified field theory in hidden gauge formalism with emergent general linear group symmetry GL(Dh,R)GL(Dh,R)
8 Hyperunified field theory with general conformal scaling gauge invariance and Einstein–Hilbert-type action with essential gauge massless condition and gravity–geometry correspondence
9 Hyperunified field theory in hidden coordinate formalism and gauge–gravity correspondence
10 Gravitational gauge–geometry duality and hyperunified field theory with non-commutative geometry in locally flat hyper-gravifield spacetime
11 Basic properties of hyperunified field theory and gravitational equations of Einstein-like and beyond with fundamental mass scale
12 Conclusions and remarks
Footnotes
Notes
References
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\electromagnetic field formulated in 1864 by Maxwell, who combined electricity and magnetism into a unifying theory of electromagnetism, which is considered as the first successful classical unified field theory. The constancy of the speed of light in Maxwell’s theory led Einstein to unify the space and time into a four-dimensional spacetime characterized by the global Lorentz symmetry SO(1,3), which has laid the foundation for the special theory of relativity (SR) [2]. Such a globally flat four-dimensional Minkowski spacetime holding for SR was extended by Einstein to a curved spacetime characterized by the general linear group symmetry GL(4, R), which has laid the foundation for GR [3]. Namely, the gravitational force is characterized by a dynamic Riemannian geometry of curved spacetime. Since then, an attempt to unify the gravity and electromagnetism was pursued by many theoreticians. Some interesting progress includes the work proposed by Kaluza who extended GR to five-dimensional spacetime [4], and also by Klein who proposed the fifth dimension to be curled up into an unobservable small circle [5]. In such a Kaluza–Klein theory, the gravitational curvature tensor corresponding to an extra spatial direction behaves as an additional force analogous to electromagnetism. Another interesting idea was proposed by Weyl, who introduced the concept of gauge field as the electromagnetic field via a local scaling transformation [6]. Einstein extensively set on a quest for potential unified models of the electromagnetism and gravity as a classical unified field theory; he devoted nearly all his efforts to the search for a unified field theory and spent the last two decades of his life doing so.
On the other hand, the Dirac spinor theory [7] has provided a successful unity between quantum mechanics and special relativity, which has led to the developments of relativistic quantum mechanics and quantum field theory (QFT). The framework of QFT was firstly built up in the 1940s by formulating the classical electromagnetism into the quantum electrodynamics (QED) [9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]. QED is characterized by an Abelian gauge symmetry U(1). In 1954, Yang and Mills extended the U(1) gauge symmetry to a non-Abelian gauge symmetry for characterizing the isotopic spin symmetry SU(2) [8]. The electroweak theory with the gauge symmetry group U(1) ×× SU(2) was developed in the 1960s [17, 18, 19], which has been a great success in unifying the electromagnetic and weak interactions. Such a theory was proven to be consistent in the sense of renormalizability [20] under the Higgs mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking [21, 22]. QFT has provided a successful unified description not only for the electroweak interactions, but also for the strong interaction characterized by the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) [23, 24] with the gauge symmetry group SU(3). The quantum gauge field theory governed by the symmetry group U(1) ×× SU(2) ×× SU(3) with spontaneous symmetry breaking is referred to as the standard model (SM) in elementary particle physics. In SM, the leptons and quarks [25, 26] are regarded as the basic building blocks of nature, and three families of quarks were required to obtain a nontrivial CP-violating phase [27]. To realize the spontaneous breaking of the CP symmetry [28, 29], it is necessary to go beyond the SM. For instance, the general two-Higgs doublet model as one of the simplest extensions to the SM can lead to the spontaneous breaking of CP symmetry with rich induced CP-violating sources [30].
The discovery of asymptotic freedom in QCD [23, 24] has indicated a potential unification between the strong interaction and the electroweak interactions. As all the interactions are governed by the Abelian and non-Abelian Yang–Mills gauge symmetries, it is natural to search for unified field theories with enlarged gauge symmetries. The unity of the quark and lepton species was firstly initiated in the 1970s [31]. Some minimal grand unified theories (GUTs) for the electroweak and strong interactions were proposed based on the gauge symmetry groups SU(5) [32] and SO(10) [33, 34]. The key prediction of GUTs was the instability of the proton. The current experiments have not yet observed any evidence for the proton decay, only a lower bound of the order 10351035 years for its lifetime has been reached. The enlarged gauge model SO(1,13) [35] was proposed to unify the SO(1,3) spin gauge symmetry and the SO(10) internal gauge symmetry. The SO(1,13) and SO(3,11) gauge symmetries were considered as gravity GUT models in four-dimensional spacetime [36, 37, 38].
On the other hand, the dynamical symmetry breaking mechanism of QCD at low energies [39] reflects the color confinement of the gluons and quarks. The light scalar and pseudoscalar mesons as the bound states of the confined quarks and antiquarks were shown to behave as composite Higgs bosons [40]. Such a color confining feature forms stringlike degrees of freedom, i.e., the so-called QCD strings. Inspired by the QCD strings, a string object was motivated to be taken as a basic building block of nature as opposed to a point-like elementary particle. A consistent string theory was found to be realized either in 26-dimensional spacetime for a bosonic string [41] or in ten-dimensional spacetime for a superstring [42, 43]. Some interesting string models that are promising to realize the SM at low energies include the perturbative heterotic string models [46] and the mysterious M-theory [47]. It was shown that the six small extra dimensions in superstring theory need to be compactified [48] on the Calabi–Yau manifold [49, 50] in order to obtain the N=1N=1 supersymmetry. Subsequently, string perturbation theory was found to be divergent [51]. The theory was also demonstrated to require the inclusion of higher-dimensional objects called D-branes, which were identified with the black-hole solutions of supergravity [52]. Practically, a full holographic description of M-theory by using IIA D0 branes was formulated as a matrix theory [53]. Furthermore, the anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory (AdS/CFT) correspondence was proposed to formulate string theory and study some interesting properties [54, 55, 56], which provides a new insight into the mathematical structures of string theory. Nevertheless, the basic vacuum solution of string theory remains unknown as there are 1050010500 possible solutions fitting the constraints of the theory [57, 58]. Therefore, it is necessary to explore further how string theory can truly be realized as a theory of everything.
Alternatively, some gravity gauge theories were proposed to address the issue of the long-term outstanding problem about the incompatibility between GR and SM. This is because SM has successfully been described by the gauge symmetries within the framework of QFT, which motivated one to try a gauge theory description for the gravitational interaction. Numerous efforts have been made to construct gravity gauge theories, which may be found in some pioneering work [59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64] and review articles [65, 66, 67] and in the references therein. Nevertheless, most of the gravity gauge theories were built relying on the Riemannian or non-Riemannian geometry in a curved spacetime. Some basic issues concerning the definitions of space and time as well as the quantization of gravity gauge theories remain open questions. Recently, a quantum field theory of gravity [68] was built based on the spin and scaling gauge invariances by treating the gravitational interaction on the same footing as the electroweak and strong interactions, which enables us to provide a unified description for the four basic forces within the framework of QFT. The postulates of gauge invariance and coordinate independence have been shown to be more general and fundamental than the postulate of general covariance under the general linear group GL(4,R) transformations of coordinates, so that all the basic forces are governed by gauge symmetries. The concept of biframe spacetime was found to play an essential role in such a gravitational quantum field theory. Instead of the metric field in GR, a bicovariant vector field defined in biframe spacetime is necessarily introduced as a basic gravifield to characterize the gravitational interaction. Geometrically, one frame spacetime is a globally flat coordinate Minkowski spacetime that acts as an inertial reference frame for describing the motion of the basic fields, which enables us to derive the well-defined conservation laws and to make a physically meaningful definition for space and time in such a way that the differences of the spatial coordinates or time coordinate can be directly measured by the standard ways proposed in SR. The other frame spacetime is a locally flat non-coordinate gravifield spacetime that functions as an intrinsic interaction frame for characterizing the dynamics of basic fields, which is characterized by a non-commutative geometry and viewed as a dynamically emerging spacetime.
Inspired by the relativistic Dirac spinor theory and the grand unified theories as well as the Einstein general theory of relativity, we are motivated to assume the hypotheses that all the spin-like charges of elementary particles should be treated on the same footing as a hyper-spin charge and the hyper-spinor structures of elementary particles are correlated with the geometric properties of hyper-spacetime. To build a reliable unified field theory within the framework of gravitational quantum field theory [68], we shall work with the postulates that the basic theory should obey the principles of gauge invariance and coordinate independence. With such hypotheses and postulates, we have presented in Ref. [69] a brief description for a unified field theory of all basic forces and elementary particles in hyper-spacetime.
In this paper, we are going to carry out a general analysis and a detailed construction for such a hyperunified field theory. The paper is organized as follows: after Sect. 1 in which a brief outline of various attempts in exploring unified theories is presented, we then show in Sect. 2 how all the quarks and leptons as the point-like elementary particles in SM can be merged into a column vector in the spinor representation of hyper-spacetime with a Majorana-type hyper-spinor structure. In Sect. 3, we demonstrate how all the known basic forces in nature can be unified into a fundamental interaction governed by a hyper-spin gauge symmetry SP(1, Dh−1Dh−1) with a minimal dimension Dh=19Dh=19. An equation of motion for the unified hyper-spinor field results characterizing a general gravitational relativistic quantum theory with a conformal scaling symmetry in hyper-spacetime. In Sect. 4, we construct in detail a general action of hyperunified field theory in a locally flat hyper-gravifield spacetime based on the postulates of gauge invariance and coordinate independence. By projecting into a globally flat coordinate hyper-spacetime via a bicovariant vector hyper-gravifield, we obtain in Sect. 5 the general action of hyperunified field theory within the framework of QFT. A set of equations of motion with the conserved currents are obtained describing the dynamics of all the basic fields. In Sect. 6, we derive various conservation laws in hyperunified field theory and the master equation for the dynamics of hyper-gravifield with the conserved hyper-stress energy-momentum tensor. In Sect. 7, we demonstrate the gravitational origin of the gauge symmetry and present the general action of hyperunified field theory in a hidden gauge formalism. An emergent general linear group symmetry GL( DhDh, R) is shown to characterize a Riemannian geometry of hyper-spacetime. A basic action of hyperunified field theory with a general conformal scaling gauge invariance results in Sect. 8, which enables us to demonstrate the gravity–geometry correspondence and obtain an Einstein–Hilbert-type action for the gravitational interaction in hyper-spacetime, keeping the global and local conformal scaling symmetries. In Sect. 9, we represent the basic action of hyperunifield field theory in the locally flat hyper-gravifield spacetime, which allows us to show the gauge–gravity correspondence based on the gravitational origin of gauge symmetry. In such a hidden coordinate system, we further demonstrate in Sect. 10 that the basic action of hyperunified field theory is generally characterized by a non-commutative geometry of hyper-gravifield spacetime. The gravitational gauge–geometry duality is corroborated based on various equivalent formalisms of hyperunified field theory. A complete equivalence requires one to set the gauge fixing condition in a flowing unitary gauge. In Sect. 11, we present a general analysis on the basic properties of hyperunified field theory within the framework of QFT and address the issue on the fundamental mass scale relying on the conformal scaling gauge symmetry, which enables us to derive the gauge gravitational equation of the hyper-gravifield with the conserved bicovariant vector current and deduce the geometric gravitational equations of Einstein-like type and beyond, corresponding to the symmetric and antisymmetric hyper-stress energy-momentum tensor in hyper-spacetime. Our conclusions and remarks are given in the final section.
4. 净零工业法案原文?
对于净零工业法案,不同国家和地区的相关法规可能会有所不同。以下是美国净零工业法案的原文(仅供参考):
HR 1512
117th CONGRESS
1st Session
H. R. 1512
To establish a Net Zero Program, to support the development of next generation technologies to improve energy efficiency, reduce waste, and reduce emissions, to create a clean energy workforce, to protect and promote the resilience of the United States economy and communities, and for other purposes.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
March 2, 2021
Ms. CASTOR of Florida (for herself, Ms. DINGELL, and Ms. BARRAGAN) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned
A BILL
To establish a Net Zero Program, to support the development of next generation technologies to improve energy efficiency, reduce waste, and reduce emissions, to create a clean energy workforce, to protect and promote the resilience of the United States economy and communities, and for other purposes.
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the `Net Zero Act of 2021'.
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.
In this Act:
(1) APPROPRIATE COMMITTEES OF CONGRESS- The term `appropriate committees of Congress' means--
(A) the Committee on Energy and Commerce and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives; and
(B) the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate.
(2) DIRECTOR- The term `Director' means the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy.
(3) NET ZERO TARGET- The term `Net Zero Target' means a goal to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, or an earlier date as determined by the Director, for--
(A) the United States economy as a whole;
(B) the electric power sector;
(C) the transportation sector;
(D) the industrial sector;
(E) the commercial and residential sectors; and
(F) any other sector as determined by the Director.
(4) PROGRAM- The term `Program' means the Net Zero Program established under section 3.
SEC. 3. NET ZERO PROGRAM.
(a) Establishment- The Director, in consultation with the appropriate committees of Congress, shall establish a comprehensive research, development, demonstration, and deployment program (in this section referred to as the `Program') to achieve the Net Zero Target, which shall include--
(1) research and development of advanced technologies that improve energy efficiency, reduce waste, and reduce emissions, including through--
(A) the development of low-emissions and zero-emissions technologies, including technologies that utilize clean energy resources, such as renewable energy and nuclear energy;
(B) the development of advanced materials, including materials for energy storage, building construction, and transportation;
(C) the development of advanced manufacturing processes that reduce waste and emissions, including processes that utilize circular economy principles; and
(D) the development of advanced technologies for the capture, utilization, and storage of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases;
(2) demonstration and deployment of advanced technologies developed under paragraph (1), including through--
(A) the deployment of advanced energy technologies, including renewable energy, nuclear energy, and energy storage, in homes, businesses, and transportation systems;
(B) the deployment of advanced manufacturing processes that reduce waste and emissions,
5. superman书的英语介绍50字?
超人(Superman)是DC漫画公司旗下的超级英雄,首次出现在《动作漫画》(Action Comics)创刊号(1938年6月),由杰瑞·西格尔(Jerry Siegel)和乔·舒斯特(Joe Shuste)联合创造。
超人出生于氪星(Krypton),本名卡尔-艾尔(Kal-El)。在氪星面临毁灭之际,他的父母为其找到了浩瀚宇宙中的地球,用飞船送走了尚在襁褓中的爱子。飞船坠落在美国堪萨斯州的洛伊小镇,卡尔被农场主肯特夫妇拾获,并以克拉克·肯特(Clark Kent)的地球名字抚养成人。 长大后,克拉克来到大都市寻找生父,却意外发现大都市里有着邪恶势力威胁着百姓。克拉克在白天是公司里的普通员工——吉米·奥尔森(Jimmy Olsen),而当太阳西落时,他穿上超人的服装,在大都会的黑暗和罪恶里与邪恶势力进行着殊死的斗争。
超人是一名拥有强大力量的外星人,他拥有超乎寻常的速度、力量和耐力。他穿着蓝色的披风和红色的内裤,这是他在大都会里最醒目的标志。超人的主要敌人是佐德将军(General Zod)、脑魔(Praxus)和米尔顿·费恩(Morton Fine)。
超人是一个虚构的英雄人物,但他代表了勇气、正义和善良的力量。他的故事鼓励人们在面对困难时永不放弃,坚持自己的信念,并用力量来保护需要帮助的人。
6. 傲娇与偏见读后感英文?
I’m forced to read this novel at the beginning, but I can’t wait to finish it subsequently。
"It is a truth universally acknowledges that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife。" This is just as Leo Tolstoy’s famous starting in 《Anna Karenina》: "All happy families resemble one another, each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way"。 To begin with such a design, Jane Austen has her deep meaning。 Marriage and money are inseparable。 The undertone is very clear: the foundation of the marriage at that time is not emotion but possession。 The author does not deny this。 So she uses typical Bennets to prove this truth。
The story takes place in the class-conscious England of the late 18th century。 The five Bennet sisters--including strong-willed Elizabeth and young Lydia--have all been raised by their mother with one purpose in life: finding a wealthy husband。 So when a wealthy bachelor shows up in their lives, the whole family is turned upside-down。 But when Elizabeth meets up with the handsome but snobbish Mr。 Darcy, the battle of the sexes is joined。
As we all know, Austen, in this novel, through the five Bennet daughters’ attitude towards love and marriage, shows the relationship between mental feelings, such as love, and material possessions , which also reflects the author''s attitude: Marry for the sake of property, money or status is wrong; marry but do not take into account the above factors is foolish。 As a result, she not only opposed to marry for the purpose of money, but also opposed to treat marriage as child''s play。 She stressed the importance of an ideal marriage。 But in modern society, although the marriages of economic needs have decreased rapidly, the concept of “money determines everything” is still rooted in some people’s mind。
Then let’s e to talk about the meaningful topic of this love story: 《Pride And Prejudice》
Pride and prejudice are our mon problems and weaknesses。 In fact, everyone is very easy to be driven by his own subjective impression and thus easy to make incorrect ments on others, and then led to misunderstand between people。 One’s first impression can affect a lot of things for sure, but it doesn’t mean it couldn’t be changed。 The deeper you get to understand someone, the more objective points you will have on him or her。 The changing of Elizabeth’s point of view towards Darcy just proved this perfectly: no pride, no prejudice, and these two married just because they love each other, just because they need each other instead of need each other’s possessions。 Austen is smart, because Elizabeth got beauty and intelligence while Darcy is handsome and rich。 I even wonder if such a perfect marriage could take place in modern society
7. notaryoffice是什么意思?
notary office英 [ˈnəʊtəri: ˈɔfis] 美 [ˈnotəri ˈɔfɪs]公证处某公证处;公证处;公证机关公证;公证员执行职务双语例句1. Subsequently, Chen Fuyuan be taken to the Chaoyang District, Beijing Notary Office of the notary. 随后, 陈付媛将其带到北京朝阳区公证处进行了公证.2. You'd better go to the notary office and ask for a property notarization. 你最好去公证处做个财产公证.3. Took this to prove to the notary office to require notarized Notary Office to you. 拿着这个证明去公证处,要求公证处给你公证.4. The notary office shall refuse to give a testimonial to false or illegal statements and documents.公证处对不真实、不合法的事实与文书应拒绝公证.5. The notary office shall be under the leadership of the judicial administrative authorities. 公证处受司法行政机关领导.
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